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CIA - The World Factbook -- Syria
Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, France
administered Syria until its independence in 1946. The country lacked
political stability, however, and experienced a series of military coups
during its first decades. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form
the United Arab Republic, but in September 1961 the two entities separated
and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD,
a member of the Socialist Ba'th Party and the minority Alawite sect, seized
power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. In
the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel, and over
the past decade Syria and Israel have held occasional peace talks over its
return. Following the death of President al-ASAD in July 2000, his son,
Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum. Syrian
troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role
- were withdrawn in April of 2005.
Syrian Support for Terrorism
- Testimony by Ambassador Philip C. Wilcox, Jr., Coordinator for
Counterterrorism, before the Committee on International Relations, House of
Representatives, Washington, DC, July 25, 1996.
"Sponsoring Terrorism: Syria and Islamic Jihad" While Syria
officials stress the "informational character" of the Damascus offices of
Islamic Jihad and other terrorist groups and claim that their work "is
limited to expressing their viewpoint,"
these offices clearly direct fund, and coordinate terrorist operations in
the West Bank and Gaza. They serve specifically operational functions, and
they do so at the behest of - and in the service of - the Syrian regime.
Charitable and Humanitarian Organizations in
the Network of International Terrorist Financing,
Testimony before the Subcommittee on International Trade and Finance,
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, 1
August 2002.
War on Terrorism Scorecard, Middle East Quarterly, vol IX,
no 3, Summer 2002.
New Arenas for Iranian-Sponsored Terrorism: The Arab-Israeli Heartland,
Policywatch, No. 605, 22 February 2002.
The Return of Palestinian Nationalist Terrorism, Peacewatch,
No. 379, 3 May 2002.
Syria and the War on Terrorism: A Post-September 11 Assessment,
Policywatch, No. 595, 23 January 2002.
Syria and the War on Terrorism: Challenges for US Policy,
Policywatch, No. 596, 24 January 2002.
Syria Slightly larger than North Dakota, Syria lies at the
eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Lebanon and Israel
on the west, Turkey on the north, Iraq on the east, and Jordan on the south.
Coastal Syria is a narrow plain, in back of which is a range of coastal
mountains, and still farther inland a steppe area. In the east is the Syrian
Desert and in the south is the Jebel Druze Range. The highest point in Syria
is Mount Hermon (9,232 ft; 2,814 m) on the Lebanese border.
Syria: Rights Activist Detained After Travel
Abroad The Syrian
government should release Dr. Kamal al-Labwani from detention immediately
and without condition, Human Rights Watch said today.
US mulls strikes on Syria - (United Press
International) Bush
administration hard-liners have been considering launching selected military
strikes at insurgent training camps in Syria and border-crossing points used
by Islamist guerrillas to enter Iraq in an effort to bolster security for
the upcoming elections, according to former and current administration
officials.
Syria Special Weapons Syria is a party to the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and Syria has called for an area
free of all weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East. Although Syria
has long been cited as posing a nuclear proliferation risk, the country
seems to have been too strapped for cash to get far. Syria allegedly began a
military nuclear program in 1979 and has not provided the IAEA with full
information on all its nuclear activities. Syria has claimed that it was
interested in nuclear research for medical rather than military purposes,
but Israel and the United States have opposed sales of a reactor to Syria on
the grounds that it would serve as an important step toward the building of
a nuclear weapon.
US Eyes Second-Tier Threats in Terror War -
9/11 - Global Policy Forum Syria,
for example, is getting new attention because of growing indications that it
has allowed Arabs set on fighting a jihad against the US to filter into
next-door neighbor Iraq. The longer-standing issue the US has with Syria is
the haven it provides to Palestinian groups that continue to carry out
violence and terrorist acts against Israel. But at the same time the
legislation targeting Syria has the strong support of pro-Israel lobbying
groups that are very influential with Jewish voters. Similarly, measures
aimed at Fidel Castro's Cuba play well with Cuban-American voters in key
states like Florida.
Syria Terror 1970-1986 In the mid-1980s, much media attention was
paid to Syria's alleged use of terrorism to achieve diplomatic, military,
and strategic objectives in the Middle East and elsewhere. Although the
exact Syrian role was murky, in the mid-1980s, Syria's intelligence and
security networks were strongly implicated in the support of Middle Eastern
and other international terrorist groups in Western Europe. In fact, Syria
was one of the countries on the terrorism list issued by the United States
government, first compiled in 1979.
The US Versus Syria and Iran: Winning the War
on Terror During the first
term of the Bush administration, it was very apparent to us even before the
World Trade Towers and the Pentagon were attacked that there were eight
countries supporting terrorism. They included Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran,
Iraq, Syria, Libya, and North Korea, which were involved in shipments of
arms to terrorists. The eighth country is Saudi Arabia, which has provided
sanctuary, training, and funding for terrorist organizations. This list has
now been reduced to five countries, and some of these are in transformation
as well, including Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, to some degree.
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